Livonian Burdens and Russo-Hanseatic Trade on the Eve of the Livonian War

The book is dedicated to the historical culture of the Franks during the peak of the Carolingian Empire (late 8th - 9th centuries). The Carolingian era occupies a completely unique place in the history of medieval Western Europe. It was during this time, in the second half of the 8th - 9th centuries, that the solid foundations of what we now call European civilization were laid, with its sense of internal unity that in no way contradicts cultural diversity, its remarkable ability to invent new social institutions, and its tendencies toward active expansion. The roots of all this can be traced back to the Carolingian Empire.

The publication includes prose and poetic works created at the royal court and in some monasteries - the leading political and cultural centers of the vast empire. These texts provide insight into how the Franks viewed their past and present, how they conceptualized, recorded, interpreted, transmitted, and utilized historical knowledge. All the works have been fully translated into Russian for the first time, and some texts were previously unfamiliar to the domestic reader.