This book is dedicated to the architecture and principles of modern digital devices: computers, smartphones, cloud servers. It thoroughly examines the architectures of processors and instruction sets x86, x64, ARM, and RISC-V. It describes the internal structure of the processor, logical gates, triggers, registers, pipelines, illustrates addressing modes, interrupt handling, presents the basics of machine logic, and methods to enhance the computational performance of processors. An example of developing a RISC-V processor based on an inexpensive FPGA board is provided. The principles of virtualization and the technologies underlying virtual machines are described, architectural solutions for ensuring cybersecurity and computational privacy are discussed. Specialized computer architectures are highlighted: cloud servers, mobile devices, processors for neural networks and machine learning, blockchain and mining, unmanned transport. A practical example of quantum computing is shown, and other promising directions in computing architectures are considered.
For programmers, engineers, and system architects
