Quantum-resistant blockchain

Today we are witnessing an increasing attention to blockchain technology and Distributed Ledger Technology (DLT), which is one of the key cross-cutting technologies of the Digital Economy of the Russian Federation. However, most cryptographic primitives used in blockchain, including hash functions GOST R 34.11-2018, SHA-2, SHA-3, SHA256, Ethash, SCrypt, X11, Equihash, RIPEMD160, etc., electronic signatures GOST 34.10-2018, ECDSA, EdDSA, Ring, One-Time, Borromean, Multi-signature, etc., asymmetric cryptographic algorithms RSA, Diffie-Hellman, etc., and corresponding protocols are no longer quantum-resistant. That is, they are vulnerable to attacks using the so-called Cryptographically Relevant Quantum Computer (CRQC). Effective quantum algorithms are already known, in particular Shor's algorithm for factorization and discrete logarithm, which can be successfully used to break the aforementioned cryptographic primitives. The publication proposes a new formulation of the problem of ensuring the cyber resilience of blockchain ecosystems and platforms of the Digital Economy of the Russian Federation in the face of quantum cyberattacks by malicious actors based on original models and methods of quantum cryptanalysis and synthesis of post-quantum cryptographic primitives. This includes parameterized selection of post-quantum cryptographic primitives based on: lattice-based cryptography; code-based cryptography; multivariate cryptography; hash-based cryptography; supersingular isogeny-based cryptography, etc. This monograph is the first work on the mentioned problem and contains results not only of qualitative but also of quantitative study of the quantum resilience of blockchain ecosystems and platforms of the state and business. For this reason, the monograph is of undeniable theoretical and practical interest for specialists in the field of computer science and information technologies for the digital economy.