Why a Child Confuses Letters, or Optical Dysgraphia

Optical dysgraphia is a writing disorder characterized by persistent specific errors not related to a lack of knowledge of the rules. This can include distorted reproduction of letters in writing, incorrect or mirrored arrangement of letter elements, omission of elements, or conversely, writing unnecessary elements of letters, as well as the replacement and mixing of graphically similar letters. Our guide is aimed at eliminating the most common disorders. The first part of the workbook presents exercises for developing a child's logical thinking, orientation in time and space, as well as forming a correct body schema, improving visual and auditory perception, and memory. The second part provides tasks for overcoming frequently encountered persistent optical-spatial letter substitutions. Among the tasks, one can choose those suitable for each specific child, depending on their age, the characteristics of their mental processes, and written speech. The book can be used by specialists such as speech therapists, primary school teachers, etc., as well as by parents if they see the problem and want to help their child.