Neuroscience reveals the mysteries of the brain! The book discusses the structure and functions of the brain, the history and practice of neuroscience research, modern approaches to identifying and treating diseases that affect the brain, as well as the latest achievements in neuroscience that help understand how the brain controls all activities of living beings. For a better understanding of the scientific process, the text includes stories from contemporary neuroscientists about their work. To facilitate understanding of the material, the book is equipped with a large number of illustrations and diagrams, self-assessment tasks, and a glossary. It is aimed at students of medical universities and readers interested in neuroscience. Neuroscience is a new direction in research activity that combines neurobiology, chemistry, physics, psychology, physiology, cognitive science, and even philosophy. The third volume of this publication consists of two parts. Part 1 examines the connection between the processes occurring in the human brain and its behavior, as well as describes the neural systems that control reactions in the brain and throughout the body. Part 2 is dedicated to the research of the molecular and cellular foundations of brain development, learning, and memory. The book is intended for those studying medicine, neurobiology, neurophysiology, as well as for anyone interested in neuroscience.