Filipok. Tales and Fables

Leo Nikolayevich Tolstoy (1828-1910) — a Russian writer and philosopher, the author of world-famous works ("War and Peace", "Anna Karenina", "Resurrection"). He was born in Yasnaya Polyana into a wealthy aristocratic family. L. N. Tolstoy became an orphan at an early age. In 1837, he moved to Moscow with his sister and three brothers, where their upbringing was overseen by a distant relative, T. A. Yergolskaya.
In 1851, he joined the military service in the Caucasus and continued to write. In 1852, he sent the manuscript of "Childhood" to the popular magazine "Sovremennik" of those years. The magazine's editor, N. A. Nekrasov, highly appreciated the young author’s work. After the end of the Crimean War, he moved to Saint Petersburg and immediately joined the circle of "Sovremennik", where he was welcomed as "the great hope of Russian literature".

Besides his literary activities, L. N. Tolstoy considered the issues of upbringing and education important. He created the "Alphabet" (published in 1872), which included fairy tales, stories, and fables in addition to the primer.
The stories described by L. N. Tolstoy are easily perceived; they are written in simple and clear language, and at the same time, they are educational, touching the soul, and resonating in the hearts of readers. Some of the author's fables are adapted translations of works by the famous ancient Greek fabulist Aesop; however, L. N. Tolstoy made them more familiar for contemporary perception. For example, in the fable "The Peasant and the Water Spirit", instead of the Greek god Hermes, we will see the Water Spirit, but the plot and moral of Aesop's fable are preserved. "Everything must be beautiful, concise, and, most importantly, clear" — this was the most important requirement that the writer had for his work, and he always followed it. For younger school-aged children. The text of the works is provided without abbreviations.