Everything is decided. Life without free will

Outstanding neurobiologist Robert Sapolsky challenges established views on free will: he argues that our behavior is predetermined by biological and social factors. Drawing on contemporary scientific data, including neurobiology, genetics, and quantum mechanics, the author convincingly proves that our actions are strongly influenced by genetic predisposition, upbringing, and even random events in life. As a result, we are practically deprived of real choice.

Sapolsky describes experiments that demonstrate that the human brain makes decisions before we become aware of them, thus questioning the moral and legal foundations of the concept of free will. Does this mean we should abandon judgment and punishment of a criminal who is supposedly not actually guilty of anything?

The book is addressed to readers interested in eternal