The History of the Muslim World: The Age of the Caliphs. The Mongolian Period

Berthold Spuler - a German historian, orientalist, Turkologist, one of the leading experts on the history of Islam, presents the history of Islamic civilization - "The Age of the Caliphs" as a global phenomenon that transcends the doctrines of the Muslim religion, encompassing a cultural heritage contributed to by all Muslim circles to a greater or lesser extent. Spuler narrates the rise and fall of both the great dynasties of the Umayyads and Abbasids, as well as the lesser-known dynasties of the Nasrids, Hafsids, and others. He also pays attention to Spanish Islam, particularly emphasizing its uniqueness. "The Mongolian Period" is the history of the Mongols and the countries with which they established contacts and conflicts: the Great Mongolian Empire (Genghis Khan and his successors), the Ilkhanate state of Persia, the Mongols in Central Asia, the Mamluk Egypt, Timur, India before and after Timur. The author writes about Muslims in Eastern Europe and in Russian territories. His work is organized, interesting, and comprehensible.