Principles of Political Economy and Taxation

David Ricardo (1772 — 1823) — an English economist, a follower and at the same time an opponent of Adam Smith, one of the founders of classical political economy.

In the work "Principles of Political Economy and Taxation," the author defined the main task of political economy — to determine the laws governing the distribution of the produced product.
Value is determined by labor; "the definition of value by labor time is an absolute, universal law." Based on the labor theory of value, Ricardo developed the theory of rent, in which the source of rent is not the special generosity of nature, but the labor applied.
Furthermore, Ricardo formulated the theory of comparative advantages for foreign trade, the quantitative theory of money, and the ideology of the "gold standard."