Animism and Spiritualism. A Critical Study

There are many studies dedicated to spiritualism in the realm of esotericism. Among them are Allan Kardec, famous for his "Bible of Spiritualism," and Conan Doyle, and to some extent even John Dee. Among Russian authors, the most memorable for a strict reader are often A. N. Aksakov, the nephew of "that very Aksakov." His critical study of spiritualism is constructed with all due meticulousness and scientific rigor. The first edition of the book appeared in 1893 and was published in Germany, later – in France. The Russian edition of 1910 received quite wide acclaim, and to this day remains an authoritative source for many.